![]() ![]() Its unique blend of flavors, limited availability, and Instagrammable appearance have made it a must-try drink for many coffee lovers. In conclusion, the Venti Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino is a popular and beloved drink at Starbucks. Plus, Starbucks is known for using high-quality ingredients in their drinks, which can justify the higher price tag. ![]() Some people might consider this price point to be steep for a coffee drink, but others argue that the drink’s unique flavor profile and limited availability make it worth the cost. On average, a Venti Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino costs around $4.75 (average), although prices can vary depending on location and seasonal promotions. The drink is considered a premium beverage, which means it comes with a higher price tag. Indulging in a Venti Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino can be a bit pricey. ![]() The Cost of Indulging in Starbucks’ Venti Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino Starbucks has capitalized on this trend by creating limited edition cups and straws that customers can use to make their drink photos even more exciting. Its beautiful layers of whipped cream, caramel, and mocha sauce make it a visually appealing drink that people love to share on social media. This scarcity also adds to the drink’s popularity, as people want to try it before it’s gone.įinally, the Venti Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino is a highly Instagrammable drink. It is usually only available during the summer months, making it a limited-time treat that coffee lovers look forward to all year. Secondly, the Venti Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino is a seasonal drink, which adds to its allure. Its blend of caramel and mocha sauces, as well as the crunchy caramel topping, creates a perfect balance of sweet and savory flavors that is hard to resist. Firstly, the drink has a unique and delicious flavor profile that appeals to many coffee drinkers. The Venti Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino’s popularity can be attributed to a few different factors. What Makes the Venti Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino So Popular? The drink is finished with a drizzle of mocha sauce and even more caramel sauce, making it an indulgent treat for any coffee lover. It also features a blend of coffee, milk, and ice, creating a creamy and refreshing drink that is perfect for summer days. It’s not like I’ve experienced metanoia but, at least, all is copacetic in the world until the next frap.How to Make a Starbucks Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino at HomeĪ Brief Overview The Venti Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino is a mouth-watering blended beverage that is made with layers of whipped cream, caramel sauce, and dark caramel sauce. After sipping one 10 months ago at the Polk Street outlet, I was happily sipping a tall size Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frap (Rp50,000) at Metropolitan Mall in Bekasi while plodding through the remaining 40+pages of Dickens’s The Old Curiosity Shop. It was a rarity in Indonesia until this month when Starbucks included it in its beverage menu. Actually, I was very caramel-giddy.Ĭaramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino in progress – swirls of caramel then a drizzle of caramel crunch complete the frap. Curious, I got myself one when I was in San Francisco last summer and was completely won over. She is now based in Chino Hills in Los Angeles and turns to a venti Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frap to get through a very trying day at work. The one caramel variant missing was Caramel Ribbon Crunch Frappuccino, which I learnt of from an old elementary classmate, which is her favourite Instagram and FB photo subject apart from her corgi named Kirin. This blended beverage from the Polk Street outlet finally made its way to Indonesia after 10 months of waiting. As for me, I jump into caramel, anything caramel – caramel cupcake, chocolate bar with caramel filling, ice cream bar with caramel, you get the point – like crazy. Then are there are the ones that dive into a box – or boxes – of chocolates. There are those who, tragically, turn to drugs like Sherlock Holmes to stay the boredom. Others, I have seen, in Shakespeare’s words, “plague heaven with their bootless cries”. Some, I know, sing away their despondency, which is something I can never do because my pipes are broken, in a manner of speaking. It is to each his, or her, own when it comes to finding a way out of the doldrums. ![]()
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![]() ![]() I recommend doing it yourself to save some cash. Furthermore, painting can be such a brilliant solution for uneven surfaces. If you adore stripes, try using black and white striped wall paint. Moreover, the wooden furniture, cowhide rug, and blooms bring different outdoor elements indoors. The built-in vanity wears soft white for a relaxing mood. ![]() Furthermore, gold and copper accents infuse unfussy lavishness. Also, they enable the rustic wall ornament to shine.ĭue to the monochromatic striped wall, the muted green sofa becomes a focal point. White and black horizontal stripes make the sitting area appear more modern. Because of their horizontal orientation, the space seems wider than it is. This eclectic living room boasts black and white striped walls. Furthermore, the silver hardware, white walls, and glass shower doors lend the bathroom a brighter atmosphere. The linoleum floor tiles develop visual continuity. Also, they exude a sense of uniqueness suddenly. White and black bathroom tiles let the dweller go bold. Apart from producing a graphic look, they make the shower room slightly more spacious. This option proves the homeowner still has some fun with the decor.īlack and white tiles provide alternating thin and thick stripes. Just because your shower room is short on space doesn’t mean it doesn’t deserve any personality. Modern Bathroom with Black and White Stripes Lastly, striped throw pillows complement the sofa chair while visually tying the bedroom together. Moreover, black pillows on the bed infuse unparalleled drama and sophistication. The warm white floor tiles inspire softness and peacefulness. Because of them, the bedroom becomes a showstopper. Not only do they carve an impression but also highlight the area’s width.īlack and white stripes allow metallic table lamps and nightstands to be more visible. This contemporary bedroom has oversized white and black stripes. Consider painting the accent wall yourself since it’s somewhat cheap. Speaking of black and white striped walls, you can use paint to create fabulous stripes. Contemporary Bedroom with Black and White Stripes They also balance out the green chunky bench. Furthermore, acrylic armchairs provide an atmosphere of lightness. It offsets the stark white pedestal dining table. Moreover, they let the forest green upholstered bench and orange blooms become centerpieces. Here, subdued black and pure white stripes make an eye-pleasing background for the colorful painting. In addition, they quickly direct the eye to the gold ceiling light that generates an eclectic look. White and black stripes easily catch the eye. Of course, they help emphasize the width of the space. Subdued black and white stripes run horizontally in the dining area. Moreover, they make the entire dining nook appear more trendy. In this example, the stripes on the walls are thick. However, if you like something spunky and bold, consider going for black and white striped walls. It emits a relaxing glow while adding a welcoming texture. Furthermore, the floor lamp comes with a burlap lampshade. The pale taupe stool and wingback chair inject some grandeur. Also, they pose as a cool backdrop for classic furniture items in this room. Meanwhile, the wooden chevron-patterned flooring inspires natural warmth.īlack and white vertical stripes do not only seem elegant but also mesmerizing. The striped accent wall provides a touch of boldness. Here, fat white and black stripes update the room. Moreover, they accentuate the area’s height excellently.Īnother thing to consider when picking the black and white scheme is the stripes’ thickness. ![]() While vertical stripes make the room longer, the horizontal ones help enlarge the area.Īs you see, black and white stripes run vertically. Speaking of black and white striped walls, you must know the direction of your stripes first. Moreover, the plain white wall and rectangular window maintain this transitional bathroom’s airy ambiance. The gold and silver hardware imparts a sumptuous feel. The black door and dark gray floor ensure that the transitional bathroom gets enough visual drama. ![]() Warm white subway tiles offer a subtle aesthetic while giving off a calm vibe. Moreover, those statement items produce a graphic look in no time. Here, the striped built-in bathtub and wall steal the show. In addition, they contribute to the interior’s unique appearance. Furthermore, they supply black and soft white diagonal stripes.ĭue to diagonal stripes on the wall and bathtub, the bathroom seems stylish. This transitional bathroom, for example, employs square ceramic tiles. It’s one of the marvelous black and white striped wall ideas. You cannot decide between wallpaper and paint. Black and White Striped Wall for Bathrooms ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The industry is moving toward wireless devices, and all you'd need to do in this case is install it on an outside surface, add batteries and program it. You can also cut your costs by doing it yourself and choosing a wireless keypad, making it a breeze to install. Chamberlain® KLIK2C-P2 Universal Wireless Garage Door Keypad. If you're having them install a garage door opener (approximately $300), some may add the keypad at no additional cost. Enter your garage without needing to carry a key or remote with the Genie Universal wireless keypad. Description Universal use compatible with all garage door openers Easy programming keypad is quickly programmed in three simple steps Code Security keypad. However, if you'd prefer to use a professional, it shouldn't cost much more than $50. How Much Does It Cost to Install a Keypad?įor do-it-yourself enthusiasts, the only cost is the keypad ($30-50). How to Program a Garage Door Keypad PIN Using Your Garage Door Opener Be sure to clear the garage door area of any obstructions. But if you can't find a model number or brand on your unit, universal keyless entry devices give you the freedom of easy access, and they support many or all brands and models. Program Your Garage Door Keypad Chamberlain Group Genie Outside Touchpads - EASILY Install a Wireless Keypad. Brands like LiftMaster make keypads that are compatible with their older model openers. Look on your garage door opener's control box for a manufacturer name and model number. The simple answer to "are keypads universal" is that some are and some aren't, and if you have an older garage door opener, a universal garage door keypad may be your best option, because they work with nearly all openers. If that's the case, refer to the product manual for further instructions. Note: Some keypad models have four wires instead of two. Reconnect the power and program the keypad. This garage access control kit adds both a secure outdoor keypad to Open/Close your garage door and the ability to remotely access your garage with up to 16. After this is done, install batteries, insert the keypad's cable and mount the control box to the wall. ![]() ![]() ![]() It is your responsibility to double check and make sure your devices have necessary protection circuits.Please realize that batteries might cause damages like leaking, fire or explode when misuse or defective.All Batteries must not be used if they are dropped or looks expanded.You must allow charging the EMP battery before use, and allow 3-5 cycles of charging and discharging for battery capacity to recovered. For safety reason, we usually ship EMP batteries without fully charged. Suggest you charging all EMP batteries and packs at least every three months, otherwise batteries will reduce capacity or die completely.For larger battery pack ( 10Ah or larger ), please always use a smart charger with temperature sensor to avoid over heating which may cause the accident.Do not mix and use old batteries and new batteries, or batteries with different brand names.Always double check polarity of battery's connector to make sure red wire to red wire and black wire to black wire. Never make wrong polarity connection when charging and discharging battery packs.Never charge a battery if battery has been dropped.Never charger a battery directly after use wait at least 30 mins before using a battery after applied load.Avoid humidity store the battery and charger in a location that is dry. Recommended storage temperatures are 32F – 77F.Avoid exposing the battery to extreme heat, 104F+ for long periods of time.Exposure to extreme temperatures may result in an irreversible decreased in capacity, performance, and life. Avoid extreme temperatures as these conditions put stress on lithium Ion batteries.Do not open/cut the protective shrink wrap around the battery back, in doing so will void any applicable warranty.Dropping battery (the battery is tested in a drop test of 6 feet to still perform but is highly unpredictable afterwards).IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND WARNINGS BATTERIES This chart will explain the ranges of your Naked RPE battery to expect from the battery cells anything lower or higher than these is a good indication that your battery is potentially damaged (Please double check the battery's specification) You must select the charge rate current that does not exceed the battery's allowed charging current.Overcharging may occur and fire may be the result. Failure to do so may result in incorrect battery recognition and charging functions. Do not charge batteries packs in series.Let battery cool down to ambient temperature before charging.Always have fire extinguisher for emergency use. For added safety put battery in the fireproof container and charge in an isolated area, away from other flammable materials.Never leave a battery charging unattended. It is recommend that you use the EMP Low current charger if not do not exceed 7 amps of charger current or you will risk damaging the barrel connectors charging wire. The RPE Charger Scheme should match these colors, do not mix match the color as it could cause harm to the battery. The RPE battery can be also charged through the Anderson connectors for high current charge but for the standard low current options please use the barrel connector. ![]() You still need to send the battery and charger in using our Battery Intake Form so we can service your rebuild. Submitting payment online reserves your spot in our production line. We'll even recycle your old battery for you! Give us a call or fill out our Battery Intake Form and let us get you back on your wheels. Our packs come with a full 12 month warranty. Our experienced battery pack technicians rebuild, repair, and replace batteries for all types of personal light electric vehicles (LEV's). We've rebuilt the TranzX batteries, downtube batteries found on the E3 Peak and Dash, rear rack batteries found on the Zuma, and even the less conventional seat tube battery for the Currie eFlow shown above. We'll support most brands and models, even if they're discontinued or the manufacturer is out of business. Often, we can upgrade the capacity of the original battery to give you even more range!Ĭurrie Electro Drive units can be found on Raleigh, IZIP, eZip, Diamondback, and Yuba Bicycles brand e-bikes. Is your Currie e-bike battery not giving you the power it used to? We are the official repair center for legacy Currie batteries! Send it to us and we'll rebuild it to get it running better than new! We use fresh, grade A lithium ion battery cells and we have a variety of options to balance your budget with the performance you need. ![]() ![]() And he has bis everything so high upfront investment. To put it into context my friend has just hit 4000% Telos and he's had about 15 orbsets completed at the moment in 2200 ish kc so that wouldn't even come close to getting a blue phat when supplies are factored in. It would take you years earning the money via pvm or you'd have to be insanely lucky with flips or merches. To be even more honest with you earning the 20b+ is going to be a pipe dream unless you're extremely lucky. Everything is focused around dps in aod whereas Telos is more mechanic focused. To be honest I'd say telos has a higher gear requirement than AoD to do properly, but aod has a bit of a toxic and elitist community and can be hard to get into. You'll be spending lots and lots of cash in deaths and supplies to learn it and push enrage to 999+ (where you'd need to be to even think about earning enough for a blue phat). Lots of people recommend telos on this sub who haven't made any money from it themselves, they just know that other people do. Just a heads up telos is a massive time and money investment to start earning any decent money from. You can read the full text of the rules here. General discussion on Treasure Hunter and other MTX is allowed. Posts created with the sole intent to share rewards received from Treasure Hunter, Umbral Chests, or other microtransactions ("MTX") will be removed. Additionally, do not ask for charity or free items/gold/membership. We do not allow users to advertise, host or operate giveaways, competitions, or events which offer prizes for winners/participants. Do not advertise trades, giveaways, or ask for free items or cash. Instead of posting about it, check here for the official methods of contacting Jagex to resolve these issues.Ĩ. This includes, but is not limited to, bans, mutes, locks, hacks, billing, and rollbacks. The /r/runescape moderators, and the J-Mods who browse this subreddit, cannot help you with account issues. However, any post or comment that specifically names or links to bot or private server websites or software will be removed. General discussion on the topics of bots and private servers is permitted. Posting content and linking the source is perfectly fine, spamming it is not. ![]() Do not submit advertisements or clan recruitment posts.ĭo not submit posts which are solely for the purpose of promoting or advertising a content source, such as a YouTube channel, or clan recruitment. Call outs and witch hunts are not allowed.ĥ. Posts or comments which directly target, name, or harass players or groups of players will be removed. Attempting to annoy, troll, harass, or otherwise participate in bad faith will result in your content being removed. If a post is not directly related to RuneScape, it will be removed.ĭo not flame, troll, or harass users on this subreddit. Tools, guides, fansites, and other links Socialĭiscussion Creative Humor Tip/Guide Question Suggestion Ninja Request Lore Achievement Luck Appreciation Bug MTX Other Posts with J-Mod Replies Subreddit Rules Rulesĭo not break, promote breaking or submit content which breaks Jagex's Terms and Conditions or the Rules of RuneScape. ![]() ![]() ![]() – the increased height would normally be expected to add to the outward aesthetics ie viewsĥ. – the additional height should/would mean increased wind flow through all three house levels – highly valuable usable underneath space (of course this should not be built-in!) On this point, ‘proper’ stilts or pole construction at a 2.4m or such height (to meet building standards), or the equivalent construction adds two, no three, other significant advantages – Not sure 1/2/3′ counts as ‘stilts’, but i may be pedantic □ but the airflow under is useful in the climates we reference. Ditto the under-roof, albeit with different/reduced requirementsĤ. i think you greatly over-simplify the construction of the ‘over-roof’, and consider the inherent lifting wind forces under such a roof in times of storms and cyclones/typhoons.ģ. (btw, digressing, what is another name for a ‘double roof’? i have a previous word in mind, but it escapes me.)Ģ. Indeed, it seems obvious to me that both a double roof AND a reflective coating should be used together i am not sure reflective roof coatings should be considered “expensive” Imagine how much cooler your tropical home could be with that level of heat reduction.ġ. In addition, they also show that when insulation is part of the lower roof, there is an 85% reduction of heat flux from the original roof structure. In other words, about half of the heat energy did not pass through to inside the building. There only needs to be enough space and air movement to prevent the heat from the upper roof from reaching the lower one.Ī study published by Elsevier shows that the double roof system reduced heat flux by approximately 50%. The space between the two roofs can be a few inches or a few feet. However, the hot air in the space can quickly dissipate before the heat reaches the lower roof level. Therefore, heat from the upper roof passes through to the air space below it. ![]() In addition, the air space between the two layers should have an air space for ventilation. ![]() This air space is critical as this is what prevents the sun’s heat from passing through to the inside. However, they are often massing materials like concrete.Įach roof layer has an air gap between the two of them. The roof below can be similar in construction and materials. It can consist of a timber or metal frame with wood decking and a metal sheet covering. They are typically two separate structures. A double roof system consists of two roof layers or skins. ![]() ![]() You may disable in-app purchases in your device settings. Not great, but entertaining for a bit.n the problem lies in that I paid for the game to avoid ads. While this game is absolutely free to play, you have the ability to unlock optional bonuses via in-app purchases from within the game. If you are a city-building game fan, the game itself is good.
![]() ![]() THOMAS SUNG: At that time, banks in this community had several hundred millions of dollars of Chinese deposits. And he sees home in the soft, sweet smile of the teller. What is it about the bank that makes our man feel at home? The very design─ beautifully bright with the primary Chinese colors. THOMAS SUNG: Back when I was a lawyer, there was no bank that was owned by Chinese and serving the Chinese.īANK COMMERCIAL: This is Chinatown, New York City─ warm, colorful, cheerful, a wonderful place for sightseeing. ![]() This association sponsored a school, and I obtained the charter from Department of Education.Īnd people in the community, older people particularly, remembers me, knows what I’ve done. I represented the association for years and years and years. This─ this─ this building with the Chinese national flag, this is the Chinese Community Center, and in there is the headquarter of Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. There was not many Chinese lawyers, so I did a lot of pro bono work. At the age of 16, I immigrated to the United States and went to law school. Anyway, this is a very tasty noodle shop if you go in there! THOMAS SUNG: When I walk around here, of course, I feel very much at home. Too big to fail, you know, turns into, small enough to jail. They’re going to lose their charter, and it’s going to enormously impact that community. MATT TAIBBI, Journalist and Author, The Divide: If that prosecution goes through, that bank is going to go out of business. ![]() We have evidence of conspiracy, larceny and systemic fraud. Sung is entitled to his opinions, but in Abacus’s loan department, mortgages were based upon false documentation. THOMAS SUNG: The DA made such a big parade, bringing people from Washington, all these tough law enforcement officers, and making such a big announcement that we are part of the cause of the financial crisis of 2008. If we have learned anything from the recent mortgage crisis, it’s that at some point, these schemes unravel and taxpayers can be left holding the bag. But in reality, it is not that simple.ĬYRUS VANCE, Jr., District Attorney, New York County: Today, we are announcing the indictment of 19 individuals on charges including mortgage fraud, securities fraud and conspiracy, as well as the indictment of Abacus Federal Savings Bank, a federally chartered bank that has been catering to the Chinese immigrant community since 1984. THOMAS SUNG: I wish this story could end the same way as It’s a Wonderful Life. HWEI LIN SUNG: This movie touches me so much─ the family, the friends. THOMAS SUNG: And that’s exactly the same purpose, that when we started the bank, it was our motivation to help a lot of people, a lot of immigrants. Me, Giuseppe Martini, I own my own house! THOMAS SUNG: George was lending money to the community residents to buy houses. THOMAS SUNG, Founder & Chairman, Abacus Federal Savings Bank: First time I saw It’s A Wonderful Life, I had tremendous respect for George Bailey, who is the main character. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The Suns also have to figure out a way to stop Murray. Reach Jeremy Cluff at him on Twitter local journalism: Subscribe to today."A lot of it for him is, when he plays with that aggression and force, it actually energizes the team," Phoenix coach Monty Williams said of Ayton. Tipico has no influence over nor are any such revenues in any way dependent on or linked to the newsrooms or news coverage. Gannett may earn revenue from Tipico for audience referrals to betting services. More: NBA Twitter reacts to Denver Nuggets' Nikola Jokic vs. Phoenix has shot 49.8% during the postseason, while Denver is shooting 47.4%." The OVER has cashed in each of the last two games of this series. The OVER has cashed in 19 Phoenix’s last 28, in six of Denver's last eight and in four of the last five played head-to-head between Phoenix and Denver. It writes: "Denver will bounce back with a victory at home on Tuesday in Game 5 to take a 3-2 series lead, but the play here is OVER. Denver Nuggets Picks and Parlays: Nuggets 121, Suns 112 More: Phoenix Suns fans apologize to Landry Shamet after Game 4 win vs. The best way to place a bet here is on the Nuggets to cover the spread in this game and take a 3-2 series lead." ![]() Rod Pearson writes: "Durant and Booker both had 2 huge games on their home court to tie this series up but they haven't had much help from anyone else on the team and they are not going to sustain those kinds of performances on the road here. More: Should Denver Nuggets' Nikola Jokic be suspended for shove of Phoenix Suns' Mat Ishbia? : Nuggets 124, Suns 114 The site gives Phoenix a 32.3% shot at picking up the victory in Denver on Tuesday. Denver Nuggets ESPN: Nuggets have a 67.7% chance to win Game 5 vs. More: Shaq issues apology to Devin Booker after Phoenix Suns' Game 4 win vs. Denver and its opponent have broken the 228-point mark 40 times this year." The Nuggets have played 82 games this year, and 37 of them have gone over the total. Denver’s ATS record as 5-point favorites or more is 21-18-1. It writes: "The Nuggets have 44 wins in 82 games against the spread this year. Play Picks: Go with the Nuggets to cover in Game 5 vs. More: Devin Booker making NBA history, earning superlatives for Phoenix Suns in NBA Playoffs The Suns score an average of 113.6 points per game, just 1.1 more points than the 112.5 the Nuggets give up to opponents." Phoenix is 33-18-2 against the spread and 39-14 overall when allowing fewer than 115.8 points. Denver has a 37-16-2 record against the spread and a 47-8 record overall when scoring more than 111.6 points. It writes: "The 115.8 points per game the Nuggets put up are only 4.2 more points than the Suns allow (111.6). More: Phoenix Suns' Deandre Ayton no-call on Nikola Jokic has Denver Nuggets fans crying foul Sportsbook Wire: Nuggets 116, Suns 111 Denver at Ball Arena on Tuesday has the Nuggets winning 116-111." It writes: "'s predicted final score for Phoenix vs. They shot 49.6 percent from the field and held opponents to only 115.7 points over the same stretch." Over their last 10 games, the Suns have averaged 116.8 points, 41.6 rebounds, 25.7 assists, 6.4 steals, and 5.3 blocks. So far in the second round, the former Kentucky Wildcats star is averaging 36.3 points per game on a ridiculous 63.7 field goal shooting percentage. Booker has been particularly unbelievable in the series due to his efficiency. Their offense was hot anew in that contest, thanks to the prolific performances of Devin Booker and Kevin Durant, who each had 36 points. It writes: "The Suns owned Game 4 with a 129-124 victory. The over/under for the game is set at 227.5 points. Phoenix is +170 on the moneyline, while Denver is -200. The Nuggets are a 5.5-point favorite over the Suns, according to Tipico Sportsbook. ![]() The Phoenix Suns and Denver Nuggets play on Tuesday in Game 5 of their Western Conference semifinals NBA Playoffs series. Watch Video: Devin Booker explains keeping the momentum for Game 5 ![]() ![]() ![]() They provided, Leslie continued, a "comprehensive way of conceiving patterns that ran through all of nature," and they "served as a classificatory and mnemonic device to observe health problems and to reflect upon, store, and recover empirical knowledge," but they were also "subject to stultifying theoretical elaboration, self-deception, and dogmatism." The medical anthropologist Charles Leslie writes that Chinese, Greco-Arabic, and Indian traditional medicines were all grounded in systems of correspondence that aligned the organization of society, the universe, and the human body and other forms of life into an "all-embracing order of things." Each of these traditional systems was organized with such qualities as heat and cold, wet and dry, light and darkness, qualities that also align the seasons, compass directions, and the human cycle of birth, growth, and death. Instead, he says, there were 2,000 years of "medical system in turmoil" and speaks of a "myth of an unchanging medical tradition." He urges that "Traditional medicine translated purely into terms of modern medicine becomes partly nonsensical, partly irrelevant, and partly mistaken that is also true the other way around, a point easily overlooked." TJ Hinrichs observes that people in modern Western societies divide healing practices into biomedicine for the body, psychology for the mind, and religion for the spirit, but these distinctions are inadequate to describe medical concepts among Chinese historically and to a considerable degree today. Nathan Sivin criticizes attempts to treat medicine and medical practices in traditional China as if they were a single system. ![]() As Ian Johnson notes, the term "Traditional Chinese Medicine" was coined by "party propagandists" and first appeared in English in 1955. Scholars in the history of medicine in China distinguish its doctrines and practice from those of present-day TCM. (Tokyo: Suharaya Heisuke kanko, Kyoho gan 1716). This image from Shi si jing fa hui (Expression of the Fourteen Meridians). History The Compendium of Materia Medica is a pharmaceutical text written by Li Shizhen (1518–1593 CE) during the Ming dynasty of China. The demand for traditional medicines in China has been a major generator of illegal wildlife smuggling, linked to the killing and smuggling of endangered animals. Concepts of the body and of disease used in TCM reflect its ancient origins and its emphasis on dynamic processes over material structure, similar to the humoral theory of ancient Greece and ancient Rome. The concept of vital energy is pseudoscientific. One of the basic tenets is that the body's vital energy ( ch'i or qi) is circulating through channels called meridians having branches connected to bodily organs and functions. TCM is said to be based on such texts as Huangdi Neijing (The Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor), and Compendium of Materia Medica, a sixteenth-century encyclopedic work, and includes various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, cupping therapy, gua sha, massage (tui na), bonesetter (die-da), exercise (qigong), and dietary therapy. After the opening of relations between the United States and China after 1972, there was great interest in the West for what is now called traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In the 1950s, the Chinese government sponsored the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, and in the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, promoted Chinese medicine as inexpensive and popular. Traditional practitioners then selected elements of philosophy and practice and organized them into what they called "Chinese medicine" ( Zhongyi). In the early twentieth century, Chinese cultural and political modernizers worked to eliminate traditional practices as backward and unscientific. Medicine in traditional China encompassed a range of sometimes competing health and healing practices, folk beliefs, literati theory and Confucian philosophy, herbal remedies, food, diet, exercise, medical specializations, and schools of thought. It has been described as "fraught with pseudoscience", with the majority of its treatments having no logical mechanism of action. Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. ![]() |
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